java.lang.Object | |
↳ | javax.swing.SwingWorker<T, V> |
An abstract class to perform lengthy GUI-interacting tasks in a dedicated thread.
When writing a multi-threaded application using Swing, there are two constraints to keep in mind: (refer to How to Use Threads for more details):
These constraints mean that a GUI application with time intensive computing needs at least two threads: 1) a thread to perform the lengthy task and 2) the Event Dispatch Thread (EDT) for all GUI-related activities. This involves inter-thread communication which can be tricky to implement.
SwingWorker
is designed for situations where you need to have a long
running task run in a background thread and provide updates to the UI
either when done, or while processing.
Subclasses of SwingWorker
must implement
the doInBackground()
method to perform the background computation.
Workflow
There are three threads involved in the life cycle of a
SwingWorker
:
Current thread: The execute()
method is
called on this thread. It schedules SwingWorker
for the execution on a
worker
thread and returns immediately. One can wait for the SwingWorker
to
complete using the get
methods.
Worker thread: The doInBackground()
method is called on this thread.
This is where all background activities should happen. To notify
PropertyChangeListeners
about bound properties changes use the
firePropertyChange
and
getPropertyChangeSupport()
methods. By default there are two bound
properties available: state
and progress
.
Event Dispatch Thread: All Swing related activities occur
on this thread. SwingWorker
invokes the
process
and done()
methods and notifies
any PropertyChangeListeners
on this thread.
Often, the Current thread is the Event Dispatch Thread.
Before the doInBackground
method is invoked on a worker thread,
SwingWorker
notifies any PropertyChangeListeners
about the
state
property change to StateValue.STARTED
. After the
doInBackground
method is finished the done
method is
executed. Then SwingWorker
notifies any PropertyChangeListeners
about the state
property change to StateValue.DONE
.
SwingWorker
is only designed to be executed once. Executing a
SwingWorker
more than once will not result in invoking the
doInBackground
method twice.
Sample Usage
The following example illustrates the simplest use case. Some processing is done in the background and when done you update a Swing component.
Say we want to find the "Meaning of Life" and display the result in
a JLabel
.
final JLabel label; class MeaningOfLifeFinder extends SwingWorker<String, Object> {@Override
public String doInBackground() { return findTheMeaningOfLife(); }@Override
protected void done() { try { label.setText(get()); } catch (Exception ignore) { } } } (new MeaningOfLifeFinder()).execute();
The next example is useful in situations where you wish to process data as it is ready on the Event Dispatch Thread.
Now we want to find the first N prime numbers and display the results in a
JTextArea
. While this is computing, we want to update our
progress in a JProgressBar
. Finally, we also want to print
the prime numbers to System.out
.
class PrimeNumbersTask extends SwingWorker<List<Integer>, Integer> { PrimeNumbersTask(JTextArea textArea, int numbersToFind) { //initialize }@Override
public List<Integer> doInBackground() { while (! enough && ! isCancelled()) { number = nextPrimeNumber(); publish(number); setProgress(100 * numbers.size() / numbersToFind); } } return numbers; }@Override
protected void process(List<Integer> chunks) { for (int number : chunks) { textArea.append(number + "\n"); } } } JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(); final JProgressBar progressBar = new JProgressBar(0, 100); PrimeNumbersTask task = new PrimeNumbersTask(textArea, N); task.addPropertyChangeListener( new PropertyChangeListener() { public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent evt) { if ("progress".equals(evt.getPropertyName())) { progressBar.setValue((Integer)evt.getNewValue()); } } }); task.execute(); System.out.println(task.get()); //prints all prime numbers we have got
Because SwingWorker
implements Runnable
, a
SwingWorker
can be submitted to an
Executor
for execution.
Nested Classes | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SwingWorker.StateValue | Values for the state bound property. |
Public Constructors | |||||||||||
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Constructs this
SwingWorker . |
Public Methods | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adds a
PropertyChangeListener to the listener list. | |||||||||||
Attempts to cancel execution of this task.
| |||||||||||
Schedules this
SwingWorker for execution on a worker
thread. | |||||||||||
Reports a bound property update to any registered listeners.
| |||||||||||
Waits if necessary for at most the given time for the computation
to complete, and then retrieves its result, if available.
Please refer to | |||||||||||
Waits if necessary for the computation to complete, and then
retrieves its result.
Note: calling | |||||||||||
Returns the
progress bound property. | |||||||||||
Returns the
PropertyChangeSupport for this SwingWorker . | |||||||||||
Returns the
SwingWorker state bound property. | |||||||||||
Returns true if this task was cancelled before it completed
normally.
| |||||||||||
Returns true if this task completed.
| |||||||||||
Removes a
PropertyChangeListener from the listener list. | |||||||||||
Sets this
Future to the result of computation unless
it has been cancelled. |
Protected Methods | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.
| |||||||||||
Executed on the Event Dispatch Thread after the
doInBackground
method is finished. | |||||||||||
Receives data chunks from the
publish method asynchronously on the
Event Dispatch Thread. | |||||||||||
Sends data chunks to the
process(List method. | |||||||||||
Sets the
progress bound property. |
[Expand]
Inherited Methods | |||||||||||
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Constructs this SwingWorker
.
Adds a PropertyChangeListener
to the listener list. The listener
is registered for all properties. The same listener object may be added
more than once, and will be called as many times as it is added. If
listener
is null
, no exception is thrown and no action is taken.
Note: This is merely a convenience wrapper. All work is delegated to
PropertyChangeSupport
from getPropertyChangeSupport()
.
listener | the PropertyChangeListener to be added
|
---|
Attempts to cancel execution of this task. This attempt will fail if the task has already completed, has already been cancelled, or could not be cancelled for some other reason. If successful, and this task has not started when cancel is called, this task should never run. If the task has already started, then the mayInterruptIfRunning parameter determines whether the thread executing this task should be interrupted in an attempt to stop the task.
After this method returns, subsequent calls to isDone()
will
always return true. Subsequent calls to isCancelled()
will always return true if this method returned true.
mayInterruptIfRunning | true if the thread executing this task should be interrupted; otherwise, in-progress tasks are allowed to complete |
---|
Schedules this SwingWorker
for execution on a worker
thread. There are a number of worker threads available. In the
event all worker threads are busy handling other
SwingWorkers
this SwingWorker
is placed in a waiting
queue.
Note:
SwingWorker
is only designed to be executed once. Executing a
SwingWorker
more than once will not result in invoking the
doInBackground
method twice.
Reports a bound property update to any registered listeners. No event is
fired if old
and new
are equal and non-null.
This SwingWorker
will be the source for
any generated events.
When called off the Event Dispatch Thread
PropertyChangeListeners
are notified asynchronously on
the Event Dispatch Thread.
Note: This is merely a convenience wrapper. All work is delegated to
PropertyChangeSupport
from getPropertyChangeSupport()
.
propertyName | the programmatic name of the property that was changed |
---|---|
oldValue | the old value of the property |
newValue | the new value of the property |
Waits if necessary for at most the given time for the computation to complete, and then retrieves its result, if available.
Please refer to get()
for more details.
timeout | the maximum time to wait |
---|---|
unit | the time unit of the timeout argument |
Waits if necessary for the computation to complete, and then retrieves its result.
Note: calling get
on the Event Dispatch Thread blocks
all events, including repaints, from being processed until this
SwingWorker
is complete.
When you want the SwingWorker
to block on the Event
Dispatch Thread we recommend that you use a modal dialog.
For example:
class SwingWorkerCompletionWaiter extends PropertyChangeListener { private JDialog dialog; public SwingWorkerCompletionWaiter(JDialog dialog) { this.dialog = dialog; } public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent event) { if ("state".equals(event.getPropertyName()) && SwingWorker.StateValue.DONE == event.getNewValue()) { dialog.setVisible(false); dialog.dispose(); } } } JDialog dialog = new JDialog(owner, true); swingWorker.addPropertyChangeListener( new SwingWorkerCompletionWaiter(dialog)); swingWorker.execute(); //the dialog will be visible until the SwingWorker is done dialog.setVisible(true);
Returns the progress
bound property.
Returns the PropertyChangeSupport
for this SwingWorker
.
This method is used when flexible access to bound properties support is
needed.
This SwingWorker
will be the source for
any generated events.
Note: The returned PropertyChangeSupport
notifies any
PropertyChangeListener
s asynchronously on the Event Dispatch
Thread in the event that firePropertyChange
or
fireIndexedPropertyChange
are called off the Event Dispatch
Thread.
PropertyChangeSupport
for this SwingWorker
Returns the SwingWorker
state bound property.
Returns true if this task was cancelled before it completed normally.
Returns true if this task completed. Completion may be due to normal termination, an exception, or cancellation -- in all of these cases, this method will return true.
Removes a PropertyChangeListener
from the listener list. This
removes a PropertyChangeListener
that was registered for all
properties. If listener
was added more than once to the same
event source, it will be notified one less time after being removed. If
listener
is null
, or was never added, no exception is
thrown and no action is taken.
Note: This is merely a convenience wrapper. All work is delegated to
PropertyChangeSupport
from getPropertyChangeSupport()
.
listener | the PropertyChangeListener to be removed
|
---|
Sets this Future
to the result of computation unless
it has been cancelled.
Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.
Note that this method is executed only once.
Note: this method is executed in a background thread.
Exception | if unable to compute a result |
---|
Executed on the Event Dispatch Thread after the doInBackground
method is finished. The default
implementation does nothing. Subclasses may override this method to
perform completion actions on the Event Dispatch Thread. Note
that you can query status inside the implementation of this method to
determine the result of this task or whether this task has been cancelled.
Receives data chunks from the publish
method asynchronously on the
Event Dispatch Thread.
Please refer to the publish(V...)
method for more details.
chunks | intermediate results to process |
---|
Sends data chunks to the process(List
method. This method is to be
used from inside the doInBackground
method to deliver
intermediate results
for processing on the Event Dispatch Thread inside the
process
method.
Because the process
method is invoked asynchronously on
the Event Dispatch Thread
multiple invocations to the publish
method
might occur before the process
method is executed. For
performance purposes all these invocations are coalesced into one
invocation with concatenated arguments.
For example:
publish("1"); publish("2", "3"); publish("4", "5", "6");might result in:
process("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6")
Sample Usage. This code snippet loads some tabular data and
updates DefaultTableModel
with it. Note that it safe to mutate
the tableModel from inside the process
method because it is
invoked on the Event Dispatch Thread.
class TableSwingWorker extends SwingWorker<DefaultTableModel, Object[]> { private final DefaultTableModel tableModel; public TableSwingWorker(DefaultTableModel tableModel) { this.tableModel = tableModel; }@Override
protected DefaultTableModel doInBackground() throws Exception { for (Object[] row = loadData(); ! isCancelled() && row != null; row = loadData()) { publish((Object[]) row); } return tableModel; }@Override
protected void process(List<Object[]> chunks) { for (Object[] row : chunks) { tableModel.addRow(row); } } }
chunks | intermediate results to process |
---|
Sets the progress
bound property.
The value should be from 0 to 100.
Because PropertyChangeListener
s are notified asynchronously on
the Event Dispatch Thread multiple invocations to the
setProgress
method might occur before any
PropertyChangeListeners
are invoked. For performance purposes
all these invocations are coalesced into one invocation with the last
invocation argument only.
For example, the following invokations:
setProgress(1); setProgress(2); setProgress(3);might result in a single
PropertyChangeListener
notification with
the value 3
.progress | the progress value to set |
---|
IllegalArgumentException | is value not from 0 to 100 |
---|