public class

JViewport

extends JComponent
implements Accessible
java.lang.Object
   ↳ java.awt.Component
     ↳ java.awt.Container
       ↳ javax.swing.JComponent
         ↳ javax.swing.JViewport

Class Overview

The "viewport" or "porthole" through which you see the underlying information. When you scroll, what moves is the viewport. It is like peering through a camera's viewfinder. Moving the viewfinder upwards brings new things into view at the top of the picture and loses things that were at the bottom.

By default, JViewport is opaque. To change this, use the setOpaque method.

NOTE:We have implemented a faster scrolling algorithm that does not require a buffer to draw in. The algorithm works as follows:

  1. The view and parent view and checked to see if they are JComponents, if they aren't, stop and repaint the whole viewport.
  2. If the viewport is obscured by an ancestor, stop and repaint the whole viewport.
  3. Compute the region that will become visible, if it is as big as the viewport, stop and repaint the whole view region.
  4. Obtain the ancestor Window's graphics and do a copyArea on the scrolled region.
  5. Message the view to repaint the newly visible region.
  6. The next time paint is invoked on the viewport, if the clip region is smaller than the viewport size a timer is kicked off to repaint the whole region.
In general this approach is much faster. Compared to the backing store approach this avoids the overhead of maintaining an offscreen buffer and having to do two copyAreas. Compared to the non backing store case this approach will greatly reduce the painted region.

This approach can cause slower times than the backing store approach when the viewport is obscured by another window, or partially offscreen. When another window obscures the viewport the copyArea will copy garbage and a paint event will be generated by the system to inform us we need to paint the newly exposed region. The only way to handle this is to repaint the whole viewport, which can cause slower performance than the backing store case. In most applications very rarely will the user be scrolling while the viewport is obscured by another window or offscreen, so this optimization is usually worth the performance hit when obscured.

Warning: Swing is not thread safe. For more information see Swing's Threading Policy.

Warning: Serialized objects of this class will not be compatible with future Swing releases. The current serialization support is appropriate for short term storage or RMI between applications running the same version of Swing. As of 1.4, support for long term storage of all JavaBeansTM has been added to the java.beans package. Please see XMLEncoder.

See Also

Summary

Nested Classes
class JViewport.AccessibleJViewport This class implements accessibility support for the JViewport class. 
class JViewport.ViewListener A listener for the view. 
Constants
int BACKINGSTORE_SCROLL_MODE Draws viewport contents into an offscreen image.
int BLIT_SCROLL_MODE Use graphics.copyArea to implement scrolling.
int SIMPLE_SCROLL_MODE This mode uses the very simple method of redrawing the entire contents of the scrollpane each time it is scrolled.
[Expand]
Inherited Constants
From class javax.swing.JComponent
From class java.awt.Component
From interface java.awt.image.ImageObserver
Fields
protected boolean backingStore This field is deprecated. As of Java 2 platform v1.3
protected Image backingStoreImage The view image used for a backing store.
protected boolean isViewSizeSet True when the viewport dimensions have been determined.
protected Point lastPaintPosition The last viewPosition that we've painted, so we know how much of the backing store image is valid.
protected boolean scrollUnderway The scrollUnderway flag is used for components like JList.
[Expand]
Inherited Fields
From class javax.swing.JComponent
Public Constructors
JViewport()
Creates a JViewport.
Public Methods
void addChangeListener(ChangeListener l)
Adds a ChangeListener to the list that is notified each time the view's size, position, or the viewport's extent size has changed.
AccessibleContext getAccessibleContext()
Gets the AccessibleContext associated with this JViewport.
ChangeListener[] getChangeListeners()
Returns an array of all the ChangeListeners added to this JViewport with addChangeListener().
Dimension getExtentSize()
Returns the size of the visible part of the view in view coordinates.
final Insets getInsets(Insets insets)
Returns an Insets object containing this JViewports inset values.
final Insets getInsets()
Returns the insets (border) dimensions as (0,0,0,0), since borders are not supported on a JViewport.
int getScrollMode()
Returns the current scrolling mode.
ViewportUI getUI()
Returns the L&F object that renders this component.
String getUIClassID()
Returns a string that specifies the name of the L&F class that renders this component.
Component getView()
Returns the JViewport's one child or null.
Point getViewPosition()
Returns the view coordinates that appear in the upper left hand corner of the viewport, or 0,0 if there's no view.
Rectangle getViewRect()
Returns a rectangle whose origin is getViewPosition and size is getExtentSize.
Dimension getViewSize()
If the view's size hasn't been explicitly set, return the preferred size, otherwise return the view's current size.
boolean isBackingStoreEnabled()
This method is deprecated. As of Java 2 platform v1.3, replaced by getScrollMode().
boolean isOptimizedDrawingEnabled()
The JViewport overrides the default implementation of this method (in JComponent) to return false.
void paint(Graphics g)
Depending on whether the backingStore is enabled, either paint the image through the backing store or paint just the recently exposed part, using the backing store to "blit" the remainder.
void remove(Component child)
Removes the Viewports one lightweight child.
void removeChangeListener(ChangeListener l)
Removes a ChangeListener from the list that's notified each time the views size, position, or the viewports extent size has changed.
void repaint(long tm, int x, int y, int w, int h)
Always repaint in the parents coordinate system to make sure only one paint is performed by the RepaintManager.
void reshape(int x, int y, int w, int h)
This method is deprecated. As of JDK 5, replaced by Component.setBounds(int, int, int, int).

Moves and resizes this component.

void scrollRectToVisible(Rectangle contentRect)
Scrolls the view so that Rectangle within the view becomes visible.
void setBackingStoreEnabled(boolean enabled)
This method is deprecated. As of Java 2 platform v1.3, replaced by setScrollMode().
final void setBorder(Border border)
The viewport "scrolls" its child (called the "view") by the normal parent/child clipping (typically the view is moved in the opposite direction of the scroll).
void setExtentSize(Dimension newExtent)
Sets the size of the visible part of the view using view coordinates.
void setScrollMode(int mode)
Used to control the method of scrolling the viewport contents.
void setUI(ViewportUI ui)
Sets the L&F object that renders this component.
void setView(Component view)
Sets the JViewport's one lightweight child (view), which can be null.
void setViewPosition(Point p)
Sets the view coordinates that appear in the upper left hand corner of the viewport, does nothing if there's no view.
void setViewSize(Dimension newSize)
Sets the size of the view.
Point toViewCoordinates(Point p)
Converts a point in pixel coordinates to view coordinates.
Dimension toViewCoordinates(Dimension size)
Converts a size in pixel coordinates to view coordinates.
void updateUI()
Resets the UI property to a value from the current look and feel.
Protected Methods
void addImpl(Component child, Object constraints, int index)
Sets the JViewport's one lightweight child, which can be null.
boolean computeBlit(int dx, int dy, Point blitFrom, Point blitTo, Dimension blitSize, Rectangle blitPaint)
Computes the parameters for a blit where the backing store image currently contains oldLoc in the upper left hand corner and we're scrolling to newLoc.
LayoutManager createLayoutManager()
Subclassers can override this to install a different layout manager (or null) in the constructor.
JViewport.ViewListener createViewListener()
Creates a listener for the view.
void firePropertyChange(String propertyName, Object oldValue, Object newValue)
Notifies listeners of a property change.
void fireStateChanged()
Notifies all ChangeListeners when the views size, position, or the viewports extent size has changed.
String paramString()
Returns a string representation of this JViewport.
[Expand]
Inherited Methods
From class javax.swing.JComponent
From class java.awt.Container
From class java.awt.Component
From class java.lang.Object
From interface java.awt.MenuContainer
From interface java.awt.image.ImageObserver
From interface javax.accessibility.Accessible

Constants

public static final int BACKINGSTORE_SCROLL_MODE

Draws viewport contents into an offscreen image. This was previously the default mode for JTable. This mode may offer advantages over "blit mode" in some cases, but it requires a large chunk of extra RAM.

Constant Value: 2 (0x00000002)

public static final int BLIT_SCROLL_MODE

Use graphics.copyArea to implement scrolling. This is the fastest for most applications.

Constant Value: 1 (0x00000001)

public static final int SIMPLE_SCROLL_MODE

This mode uses the very simple method of redrawing the entire contents of the scrollpane each time it is scrolled. This was the default behavior in Swing 1.0 and Swing 1.1. Either of the other two options will provide better performance in most cases.

Constant Value: 0 (0x00000000)

Fields

protected boolean backingStore

This field is deprecated.
As of Java 2 platform v1.3

True when this viewport is maintaining an offscreen image of its contents, so that some scrolling can take place using fast "bit-blit" operations instead of by accessing the view object to construct the display. The default is false.

protected Image backingStoreImage

The view image used for a backing store.

protected boolean isViewSizeSet

True when the viewport dimensions have been determined. The default is false.

protected Point lastPaintPosition

The last viewPosition that we've painted, so we know how much of the backing store image is valid.

protected boolean scrollUnderway

The scrollUnderway flag is used for components like JList. When the downarrow key is pressed on a JList and the selected cell is the last in the list, the scrollpane autoscrolls. Here, the old selected cell needs repainting and so we need a flag to make the viewport do the optimized painting only when there is an explicit call to setViewPosition(Point). When setBounds is called through other routes, the flag is off and the view repaints normally. Another approach would be to remove this from the JViewport class and have the JList manage this case by using setBackingStoreEnabled. The default is false.

Public Constructors

public JViewport ()

Creates a JViewport.

Public Methods

public void addChangeListener (ChangeListener l)

Adds a ChangeListener to the list that is notified each time the view's size, position, or the viewport's extent size has changed.

Parameters
l the ChangeListener to add

public AccessibleContext getAccessibleContext ()

Gets the AccessibleContext associated with this JViewport. For viewports, the AccessibleContext takes the form of an AccessibleJViewport. A new AccessibleJViewport instance is created if necessary.

Returns
  • an AccessibleJViewport that serves as the AccessibleContext of this JViewport

public ChangeListener[] getChangeListeners ()

Returns an array of all the ChangeListeners added to this JViewport with addChangeListener().

Returns
  • all of the ChangeListeners added or an empty array if no listeners have been added

public Dimension getExtentSize ()

Returns the size of the visible part of the view in view coordinates.

Returns
  • a Dimension object giving the size of the view

public final Insets getInsets (Insets insets)

Returns an Insets object containing this JViewports inset values. The passed-in Insets object will be reinitialized, and all existing values within this object are overwritten.

Parameters
insets the Insets object which can be reused
Returns
  • this viewports inset values
See Also

public final Insets getInsets ()

Returns the insets (border) dimensions as (0,0,0,0), since borders are not supported on a JViewport.

Returns
  • a Rectange of zero dimension and zero origin

public int getScrollMode ()

Returns the current scrolling mode.

Returns
  • the scrollMode property

public ViewportUI getUI ()

Returns the L&F object that renders this component.

Returns
  • a ViewportUI object

public String getUIClassID ()

Returns a string that specifies the name of the L&F class that renders this component.

Returns
  • the string "ViewportUI"

public Component getView ()

Returns the JViewport's one child or null.

Returns
  • the viewports child, or null if none exists

public Point getViewPosition ()

Returns the view coordinates that appear in the upper left hand corner of the viewport, or 0,0 if there's no view.

Returns
  • a Point object giving the upper left coordinates

public Rectangle getViewRect ()

Returns a rectangle whose origin is getViewPosition and size is getExtentSize. This is the visible part of the view, in view coordinates.

Returns
  • a Rectangle giving the visible part of the view using view coordinates.

public Dimension getViewSize ()

If the view's size hasn't been explicitly set, return the preferred size, otherwise return the view's current size. If there is no view, return 0,0.

Returns
  • a Dimension object specifying the size of the view

public boolean isBackingStoreEnabled ()

This method is deprecated.
As of Java 2 platform v1.3, replaced by getScrollMode().

Returns true if this viewport is maintaining an offscreen image of its contents.

Returns
  • true if scrollMode is BACKINGSTORE_SCROLL_MODE

public boolean isOptimizedDrawingEnabled ()

The JViewport overrides the default implementation of this method (in JComponent) to return false. This ensures that the drawing machinery will call the Viewport's paint implementation rather than messaging the JViewport's children directly.

Returns
  • false

public void paint (Graphics g)

Depending on whether the backingStore is enabled, either paint the image through the backing store or paint just the recently exposed part, using the backing store to "blit" the remainder.

The term "blit" is the pronounced version of the PDP-10 BLT (BLock Transfer) instruction, which copied a block of bits. (In case you were curious.)

Parameters
g the Graphics context within which to paint

public void remove (Component child)

Removes the Viewports one lightweight child.

Parameters
child the component to be removed

public void removeChangeListener (ChangeListener l)

Removes a ChangeListener from the list that's notified each time the views size, position, or the viewports extent size has changed.

Parameters
l the ChangeListener to remove

public void repaint (long tm, int x, int y, int w, int h)

Always repaint in the parents coordinate system to make sure only one paint is performed by the RepaintManager.

Parameters
tm maximum time in milliseconds before update
x the x coordinate (pixels over from left)
y the y coordinate (pixels down from top)
w the width
h the height

public void reshape (int x, int y, int w, int h)

This method is deprecated.
As of JDK 5, replaced by Component.setBounds(int, int, int, int).

Moves and resizes this component.

Sets the bounds of this viewport. If the viewport's width or height has changed, fire a StateChanged event.

Parameters
x left edge of the origin
y top edge of the origin
w width in pixels
h height in pixels

public void scrollRectToVisible (Rectangle contentRect)

Scrolls the view so that Rectangle within the view becomes visible.

This attempts to validate the view before scrolling if the view is currently not valid - isValid returns false. To avoid excessive validation when the containment hierarchy is being created this will not validate if one of the ancestors does not have a peer, or there is no validate root ancestor, or one of the ancestors is not a Window or Applet.

Note that this method will not scroll outside of the valid viewport; for example, if contentRect is larger than the viewport, scrolling will be confined to the viewport's bounds.

Parameters
contentRect the Rectangle to display

public void setBackingStoreEnabled (boolean enabled)

This method is deprecated.
As of Java 2 platform v1.3, replaced by setScrollMode().

If true if this viewport will maintain an offscreen image of its contents. The image is used to reduce the cost of small one dimensional changes to the viewPosition. Rather than repainting the entire viewport we use Graphics.copyArea to effect some of the scroll.

Parameters
enabled if true, maintain an offscreen backing store

public final void setBorder (Border border)

The viewport "scrolls" its child (called the "view") by the normal parent/child clipping (typically the view is moved in the opposite direction of the scroll). A non-null border, or non-zero insets, isn't supported, to prevent the geometry of this component from becoming complex enough to inhibit subclassing. To create a JViewport with a border, add it to a JPanel that has a border.

Note: If border is non-null, this method will throw an exception as borders are not supported on a JViewPort.

Parameters
border the Border to set
Throws
IllegalArgumentException this method is not implemented

public void setExtentSize (Dimension newExtent)

Sets the size of the visible part of the view using view coordinates.

Parameters
newExtent a Dimension object specifying the size of the view

public void setScrollMode (int mode)

Used to control the method of scrolling the viewport contents. You may want to change this mode to get maximum performance for your use case.

Parameters
mode one of the following values:
  • JViewport.BLIT_SCROLL_MODE
  • JViewport.BACKINGSTORE_SCROLL_MODE
  • JViewport.SIMPLE_SCROLL_MODE

public void setUI (ViewportUI ui)

Sets the L&F object that renders this component.

Parameters
ui the ViewportUI L&F object

public void setView (Component view)

Sets the JViewport's one lightweight child (view), which can be null.

Parameters
view the viewport's new lightweight child
See Also

public void setViewPosition (Point p)

Sets the view coordinates that appear in the upper left hand corner of the viewport, does nothing if there's no view.

Parameters
p a Point object giving the upper left coordinates

public void setViewSize (Dimension newSize)

Sets the size of the view. A state changed event will be fired.

Parameters
newSize a Dimension object specifying the new size of the view

public Point toViewCoordinates (Point p)

Converts a point in pixel coordinates to view coordinates. Subclasses of viewport that support "logical coordinates" will override this method.

Parameters
p a Point object using pixel coordinates
Returns
  • a Point object converted to view coordinates

public Dimension toViewCoordinates (Dimension size)

Converts a size in pixel coordinates to view coordinates. Subclasses of viewport that support "logical coordinates" will override this method.

Parameters
size a Dimension object using pixel coordinates
Returns
  • a Dimension object converted to view coordinates

public void updateUI ()

Resets the UI property to a value from the current look and feel.

See Also

Protected Methods

protected void addImpl (Component child, Object constraints, int index)

Sets the JViewport's one lightweight child, which can be null. (Since there is only one child which occupies the entire viewport, the constraints and index arguments are ignored.)

Parameters
child the lightweight child of the viewport
constraints the constraints to be respected
index the index

protected boolean computeBlit (int dx, int dy, Point blitFrom, Point blitTo, Dimension blitSize, Rectangle blitPaint)

Computes the parameters for a blit where the backing store image currently contains oldLoc in the upper left hand corner and we're scrolling to newLoc. The parameters are modified to return the values required for the blit.

Parameters
dx the horizontal delta
dy the vertical delta
blitFrom the Point we're blitting from
blitTo the Point we're blitting to
blitSize the Dimension of the area to blit
blitPaint the area to blit
Returns
  • true if the parameters are modified and we're ready to blit; false otherwise

protected LayoutManager createLayoutManager ()

Subclassers can override this to install a different layout manager (or null) in the constructor. Returns the LayoutManager to install on the JViewport.

Returns
  • a LayoutManager

protected JViewport.ViewListener createViewListener ()

Creates a listener for the view.

Returns
  • a ViewListener

protected void firePropertyChange (String propertyName, Object oldValue, Object newValue)

Notifies listeners of a property change. This is subclassed to update the windowBlit property. (The putClientProperty property is final).

Parameters
propertyName a string containing the property name
oldValue the old value of the property
newValue the new value of the property

protected void fireStateChanged ()

Notifies all ChangeListeners when the views size, position, or the viewports extent size has changed.

protected String paramString ()

Returns a string representation of this JViewport. This method is intended to be used only for debugging purposes, and the content and format of the returned string may vary between implementations. The returned string may be empty but may not be null.

Returns
  • a string representation of this JViewport