public abstract class

CipherSpi

extends Object
java.lang.Object
   ↳ javax.crypto.CipherSpi
Known Direct Subclasses

Class Overview

This class defines the Service Provider Interface (SPI) for the Cipher class. All the abstract methods in this class must be implemented by each cryptographic service provider who wishes to supply the implementation of a particular cipher algorithm.

In order to create an instance of Cipher, which encapsulates an instance of this CipherSpi class, an application calls one of the getInstance factory methods of the Cipher engine class and specifies the requested transformation. Optionally, the application may also specify the name of a provider.

A transformation is a string that describes the operation (or set of operations) to be performed on the given input, to produce some output. A transformation always includes the name of a cryptographic algorithm (e.g., DES), and may be followed by a feedback mode and padding scheme.

A transformation is of the form:

  • "algorithm/mode/padding" or

  • "algorithm"

(in the latter case, provider-specific default values for the mode and padding scheme are used). For example, the following is a valid transformation:

     Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance("DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");

A provider may supply a separate class for each combination of algorithm/mode/padding, or may decide to provide more generic classes representing sub-transformations corresponding to algorithm or algorithm/mode or algorithm//padding (note the double slashes), in which case the requested mode and/or padding are set automatically by the getInstance methods of Cipher, which invoke the engineSetMode and engineSetPadding methods of the provider's subclass of CipherSpi.

A Cipher property in a provider master class may have one of the following formats: 

  •      // provider's subclass of "CipherSpi" implements "algName" with
     // pluggable mode and padding
     Cipher.algName
 
  •      // provider's subclass of "CipherSpi" implements "algName" in the
     // specified "mode", with pluggable padding
     Cipher.algName/mode
 
  •      // provider's subclass of "CipherSpi" implements "algName" with the
     // specified "padding", with pluggable mode
     Cipher.algName//padding
 
  •      // provider's subclass of "CipherSpi" implements "algName" with the
     // specified "mode" and "padding"
     Cipher.algName/mode/padding

For example, a provider may supply a subclass of CipherSpi that implements DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding, one that implements DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding, one that implements DES/CFB/PKCS5Padding, and yet another one that implements DES/OFB/PKCS5Padding. That provider would have the following Cipher properties in its master class:

  •      Cipher.DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding
 
  •      Cipher.DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding
 
  •      Cipher.DES/CFB/PKCS5Padding
 
  •      Cipher.DES/OFB/PKCS5Padding

Another provider may implement a class for each of the above modes (i.e., one class for ECB, one for CBC, one for CFB, and one for OFB), one class for PKCS5Padding, and a generic DES class that subclasses from CipherSpi. That provider would have the following Cipher properties in its master class:

  •      Cipher.DES

The getInstance factory method of the Cipher engine class follows these rules in order to instantiate a provider's implementation of CipherSpi for a transformation of the form "algorithm":

  1. Check if the provider has registered a subclass of CipherSpi for the specified "algorithm".

    If the answer is YES, instantiate this class, for whose mode and padding scheme default values (as supplied by the provider) are used.

    If the answer is NO, throw a NoSuchAlgorithmException exception.

The getInstance factory method of the Cipher engine class follows these rules in order to instantiate a provider's implementation of CipherSpi for a transformation of the form "algorithm/mode/padding":

  1. Check if the provider has registered a subclass of CipherSpi for the specified "algorithm/mode/padding" transformation.

    If the answer is YES, instantiate it.

    If the answer is NO, go to the next step.

  2. Check if the provider has registered a subclass of CipherSpi for the sub-transformation "algorithm/mode".

    If the answer is YES, instantiate it, and call engineSetPadding(padding) on the new instance.

    If the answer is NO, go to the next step.

  3. Check if the provider has registered a subclass of CipherSpi for the sub-transformation "algorithm//padding" (note the double slashes).

    If the answer is YES, instantiate it, and call engineSetMode(mode) on the new instance.

    If the answer is NO, go to the next step.

  4. Check if the provider has registered a subclass of CipherSpi for the sub-transformation "algorithm".

    If the answer is YES, instantiate it, and call engineSetMode(mode) and engineSetPadding(padding) on the new instance.

    If the answer is NO, throw a NoSuchAlgorithmException exception.

See Also

Summary

Public Constructors
CipherSpi()
Protected Methods
abstract byte[] engineDoFinal(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen)
Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation.
int engineDoFinal(ByteBuffer input, ByteBuffer output)
Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation.
abstract int engineDoFinal(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output, int outputOffset)
Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation.
abstract int engineGetBlockSize()
Returns the block size (in bytes).
abstract byte[] engineGetIV()
Returns the initialization vector (IV) in a new buffer.
int engineGetKeySize(Key key)
Returns the key size of the given key object in bits.
abstract int engineGetOutputSize(int inputLen)
Returns the length in bytes that an output buffer would need to be in order to hold the result of the next update or doFinal operation, given the input length inputLen (in bytes).
abstract AlgorithmParameters engineGetParameters()
Returns the parameters used with this cipher.
abstract void engineInit(int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameters params, SecureRandom random)
Initializes this cipher with a key, a set of algorithm parameters, and a source of randomness.
abstract void engineInit(int opmode, Key key, SecureRandom random)
Initializes this cipher with a key and a source of randomness.
abstract void engineInit(int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameterSpec params, SecureRandom random)
Initializes this cipher with a key, a set of algorithm parameters, and a source of randomness.
abstract void engineSetMode(String mode)
Sets the mode of this cipher.
abstract void engineSetPadding(String padding)
Sets the padding mechanism of this cipher.
Key engineUnwrap(byte[] wrappedKey, String wrappedKeyAlgorithm, int wrappedKeyType)
Unwrap a previously wrapped key.
int engineUpdate(ByteBuffer input, ByteBuffer output)
Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.
abstract int engineUpdate(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output, int outputOffset)
Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.
abstract byte[] engineUpdate(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen)
Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.
byte[] engineWrap(Key key)
Wrap a key.
[Expand]
Inherited Methods
From class java.lang.Object

Public Constructors

public CipherSpi ()

Protected Methods

protected abstract byte[] engineDoFinal (byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen)

Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation. The data is encrypted or decrypted, depending on how this cipher was initialized.

The first inputLen bytes in the input buffer, starting at inputOffset inclusive, and any input bytes that may have been buffered during a previous update operation, are processed, with padding (if requested) being applied. The result is stored in a new buffer.

Upon finishing, this method resets this cipher object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to engineInit. That is, the object is reset and available to encrypt or decrypt (depending on the operation mode that was specified in the call to engineInit) more data.

Note: if any exception is thrown, this cipher object may need to be reset before it can be used again.

Parameters
input the input buffer
inputOffset the offset in input where the input starts
inputLen the input length
Returns
  • the new buffer with the result
Throws
IllegalBlockSizeException if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size; or if this encryption algorithm is unable to process the input data provided.
BadPaddingException if this cipher is in decryption mode, and (un)padding has been requested, but the decrypted data is not bounded by the appropriate padding bytes

protected int engineDoFinal (ByteBuffer input, ByteBuffer output)

Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation. The data is encrypted or decrypted, depending on how this cipher was initialized.

All input.remaining() bytes starting at input.position() are processed. The result is stored in the output buffer. Upon return, the input buffer's position will be equal to its limit; its limit will not have changed. The output buffer's position will have advanced by n, where n is the value returned by this method; the output buffer's limit will not have changed.

If output.remaining() bytes are insufficient to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown.

Upon finishing, this method resets this cipher object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to engineInit. That is, the object is reset and available to encrypt or decrypt (depending on the operation mode that was specified in the call to engineInit) more data.

Note: if any exception is thrown, this cipher object may need to be reset before it can be used again.

Subclasses should consider overriding this method if they can process ByteBuffers more efficiently than byte arrays.

Parameters
input the input ByteBuffer
output the output ByteByffer
Returns
  • the number of bytes stored in output
Throws
IllegalBlockSizeException if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size; or if this encryption algorithm is unable to process the input data provided.
ShortBufferException if there is insufficient space in the output buffer
BadPaddingException if this cipher is in decryption mode, and (un)padding has been requested, but the decrypted data is not bounded by the appropriate padding bytes
NullPointerException if either parameter is null

protected abstract int engineDoFinal (byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output, int outputOffset)

Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation. The data is encrypted or decrypted, depending on how this cipher was initialized.

The first inputLen bytes in the input buffer, starting at inputOffset inclusive, and any input bytes that may have been buffered during a previous update operation, are processed, with padding (if requested) being applied. The result is stored in the output buffer, starting at outputOffset inclusive.

If the output buffer is too small to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown.

Upon finishing, this method resets this cipher object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to engineInit. That is, the object is reset and available to encrypt or decrypt (depending on the operation mode that was specified in the call to engineInit) more data.

Note: if any exception is thrown, this cipher object may need to be reset before it can be used again.

Parameters
input the input buffer
inputOffset the offset in input where the input starts
inputLen the input length
output the buffer for the result
outputOffset the offset in output where the result is stored
Returns
  • the number of bytes stored in output
Throws
IllegalBlockSizeException if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size; or if this encryption algorithm is unable to process the input data provided.
ShortBufferException if the given output buffer is too small to hold the result
BadPaddingException if this cipher is in decryption mode, and (un)padding has been requested, but the decrypted data is not bounded by the appropriate padding bytes

protected abstract int engineGetBlockSize ()

Returns the block size (in bytes).

Returns
  • the block size (in bytes), or 0 if the underlying algorithm is not a block cipher

protected abstract byte[] engineGetIV ()

Returns the initialization vector (IV) in a new buffer.

This is useful in the context of password-based encryption or decryption, where the IV is derived from a user-provided passphrase.

Returns
  • the initialization vector in a new buffer, or null if the underlying algorithm does not use an IV, or if the IV has not yet been set.

protected int engineGetKeySize (Key key)

Returns the key size of the given key object in bits.

This concrete method has been added to this previously-defined abstract class. It throws an UnsupportedOperationException if it is not overridden by the provider.

Parameters
key the key object.
Returns
  • the key size of the given key object.
Throws
InvalidKeyException if key is invalid.

protected abstract int engineGetOutputSize (int inputLen)

Returns the length in bytes that an output buffer would need to be in order to hold the result of the next update or doFinal operation, given the input length inputLen (in bytes).

This call takes into account any unprocessed (buffered) data from a previous update call, and padding.

The actual output length of the next update or doFinal call may be smaller than the length returned by this method.

Parameters
inputLen the input length (in bytes)
Returns
  • the required output buffer size (in bytes)

protected abstract AlgorithmParameters engineGetParameters ()

Returns the parameters used with this cipher.

The returned parameters may be the same that were used to initialize this cipher, or may contain a combination of default and random parameter values used by the underlying cipher implementation if this cipher requires algorithm parameters but was not initialized with any.

Returns
  • the parameters used with this cipher, or null if this cipher does not use any parameters.

protected abstract void engineInit (int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameters params, SecureRandom random)

Initializes this cipher with a key, a set of algorithm parameters, and a source of randomness.

The cipher is initialized for one of the following four operations: encryption, decryption, key wrapping or key unwrapping, depending on the value of opmode.

If this cipher requires any algorithm parameters and params is null, the underlying cipher implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific default or random values) if it is being initialized for encryption or key wrapping, and raise an InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if it is being initialized for decryption or key unwrapping. The generated parameters can be retrieved using engineGetParameters or engineGetIV (if the parameter is an IV).

If this cipher (including its underlying feedback or padding scheme) requires any random bytes (e.g., for parameter generation), it will get them from random.

Note that when a Cipher object is initialized, it loses all previously-acquired state. In other words, initializing a Cipher is equivalent to creating a new instance of that Cipher and initializing it.

Parameters
opmode the operation mode of this cipher (this is one of the following: ENCRYPT_MODE, DECRYPT_MODE, WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE)
key the encryption key
params the algorithm parameters
random the source of randomness
Throws
InvalidKeyException if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this cipher
InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if the given algorithm parameters are inappropriate for this cipher, or if this cipher is being initialized for decryption and requires algorithm parameters and params is null.

protected abstract void engineInit (int opmode, Key key, SecureRandom random)

Initializes this cipher with a key and a source of randomness.

The cipher is initialized for one of the following four operations: encryption, decryption, key wrapping or key unwrapping, depending on the value of opmode.

If this cipher requires any algorithm parameters that cannot be derived from the given key, the underlying cipher implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific default or random values) if it is being initialized for encryption or key wrapping, and raise an InvalidKeyException if it is being initialized for decryption or key unwrapping. The generated parameters can be retrieved using engineGetParameters or engineGetIV (if the parameter is an IV).

If this cipher (including its underlying feedback or padding scheme) requires any random bytes (e.g., for parameter generation), it will get them from random.

Note that when a Cipher object is initialized, it loses all previously-acquired state. In other words, initializing a Cipher is equivalent to creating a new instance of that Cipher and initializing it.

Parameters
opmode the operation mode of this cipher (this is one of the following: ENCRYPT_MODE, DECRYPT_MODE, WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE)
key the encryption key
random the source of randomness
Throws
InvalidKeyException if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this cipher, or if this cipher is being initialized for decryption and requires algorithm parameters that cannot be determined from the given key.

protected abstract void engineInit (int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameterSpec params, SecureRandom random)

Initializes this cipher with a key, a set of algorithm parameters, and a source of randomness.

The cipher is initialized for one of the following four operations: encryption, decryption, key wrapping or key unwrapping, depending on the value of opmode.

If this cipher requires any algorithm parameters and params is null, the underlying cipher implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific default or random values) if it is being initialized for encryption or key wrapping, and raise an InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if it is being initialized for decryption or key unwrapping. The generated parameters can be retrieved using engineGetParameters or engineGetIV (if the parameter is an IV).

If this cipher (including its underlying feedback or padding scheme) requires any random bytes (e.g., for parameter generation), it will get them from random.

Note that when a Cipher object is initialized, it loses all previously-acquired state. In other words, initializing a Cipher is equivalent to creating a new instance of that Cipher and initializing it.

Parameters
opmode the operation mode of this cipher (this is one of the following: ENCRYPT_MODE, DECRYPT_MODE, WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE)
key the encryption key
params the algorithm parameters
random the source of randomness
Throws
InvalidKeyException if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this cipher
InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if the given algorithm parameters are inappropriate for this cipher, or if this cipher is being initialized for decryption and requires algorithm parameters and params is null.

protected abstract void engineSetMode (String mode)

Sets the mode of this cipher.

Parameters
mode the cipher mode
Throws
NoSuchAlgorithmException if the requested cipher mode does not exist

protected abstract void engineSetPadding (String padding)

Sets the padding mechanism of this cipher.

Parameters
padding the padding mechanism
Throws
NoSuchPaddingException if the requested padding mechanism does not exist

protected Key engineUnwrap (byte[] wrappedKey, String wrappedKeyAlgorithm, int wrappedKeyType)

Unwrap a previously wrapped key.

This concrete method has been added to this previously-defined abstract class. (For backwards compatibility, it cannot be abstract.) It may be overridden by a provider to unwrap a previously wrapped key. Such an override is expected to throw an InvalidKeyException if the given wrapped key cannot be unwrapped. If this method is not overridden, it always throws an UnsupportedOperationException.

Parameters
wrappedKey the key to be unwrapped.
wrappedKeyAlgorithm the algorithm associated with the wrapped key.
wrappedKeyType the type of the wrapped key. This is one of SECRET_KEY, PRIVATE_KEY, or PUBLIC_KEY.
Returns
  • the unwrapped key.
Throws
NoSuchAlgorithmException if no installed providers can create keys of type wrappedKeyType for the wrappedKeyAlgorithm.
InvalidKeyException if wrappedKey does not represent a wrapped key of type wrappedKeyType for the wrappedKeyAlgorithm.

protected int engineUpdate (ByteBuffer input, ByteBuffer output)

Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.

All input.remaining() bytes starting at input.position() are processed. The result is stored in the output buffer. Upon return, the input buffer's position will be equal to its limit; its limit will not have changed. The output buffer's position will have advanced by n, where n is the value returned by this method; the output buffer's limit will not have changed.

If output.remaining() bytes are insufficient to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown.

Subclasses should consider overriding this method if they can process ByteBuffers more efficiently than byte arrays.

Parameters
input the input ByteBuffer
output the output ByteByffer
Returns
  • the number of bytes stored in output
Throws
ShortBufferException if there is insufficient space in the output buffer
NullPointerException if either parameter is null

protected abstract int engineUpdate (byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output, int outputOffset)

Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.

The first inputLen bytes in the input buffer, starting at inputOffset inclusive, are processed, and the result is stored in the output buffer, starting at outputOffset inclusive.

If the output buffer is too small to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown.

Parameters
input the input buffer
inputOffset the offset in input where the input starts
inputLen the input length
output the buffer for the result
outputOffset the offset in output where the result is stored
Returns
  • the number of bytes stored in output
Throws
ShortBufferException if the given output buffer is too small to hold the result

protected abstract byte[] engineUpdate (byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen)

Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this cipher was initialized), processing another data part.

The first inputLen bytes in the input buffer, starting at inputOffset inclusive, are processed, and the result is stored in a new buffer.

Parameters
input the input buffer
inputOffset the offset in input where the input starts
inputLen the input length
Returns
  • the new buffer with the result, or null if the underlying cipher is a block cipher and the input data is too short to result in a new block.

protected byte[] engineWrap (Key key)

Wrap a key.

This concrete method has been added to this previously-defined abstract class. (For backwards compatibility, it cannot be abstract.) It may be overridden by a provider to wrap a key. Such an override is expected to throw an IllegalBlockSizeException or InvalidKeyException (under the specified circumstances), if the given key cannot be wrapped. If this method is not overridden, it always throws an UnsupportedOperationException.

Parameters
key the key to be wrapped.
Returns
  • the wrapped key.
Throws
IllegalBlockSizeException if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested, and the length of the encoding of the key to be wrapped is not a multiple of the block size.
InvalidKeyException if it is impossible or unsafe to wrap the key with this cipher (e.g., a hardware protected key is being passed to a software-only cipher).